This results in a reduction in battery performance over time. This effect on the lead plates and connections within the battery is greatly increased due to the reduced specific gravity of the electrolyte. If the battery becomes too discharged, total failure of the battery is likely.īesides sulphation, corrosion is also more prevalent inside the battery while in a discharged condition. Without charging, the lead sulphate will continue to develop and can become impossible to break down. Although this process is normal within the battery during discharge, a timely recharge is required to reverse the process and increase the usable surface area of the plates. ![]() When a battery discharges, and the SG changes to more water (less acid), lead sulphate is produced and starts to coat the cell plates reducing the surface area over which chemical reactions can occur. Measuring SG can only be performed on a Conventional battery because it has filler caps that allow access to the electrolyte. The SG becomes higher as the ratio of acid to water changes back to mostly acid. This process is reversed when the battery is charged. For example, an SG of 1.160 indicates a battery with only a 50% charge. SG can be used to measure a battery’s state-of charge. ![]() As the battery discharges, the ratio of acid to water changes causing the specific gravity (SG) of the electrolyte solution to reduce. At the same time as the ions are moving from one plate to another, the ratio of battery acid to water is also changing. The plates are insulated from each other with a permeable, non-conductive separator which allows the transfer of ions. Battery Chemistryĭuring discharging or charging of a battery, ions (positively or negatively charged) are transferred from the positive and negative groups of cell plates. The battery’s current producing capacity is directly related to the amount of active material (lead) on its plates. Cranking current performance increases as the plate surface area increases. The size and number of lead plates within each cell have a direct relationship to battery capacity and the ability to start engines of various sizes. A 6-volt battery has only three cells with a total voltage of just over 6 volts. A 12 volt battery has six cells that produce just over 2 volts each for a total of approximately 12.7 volts. The battery case is divided into sections (cells). Act as a voltage stabilizer for the charging system Battery Construction and ChemistryĪ battery is a device that converts chemical energy to electrical energy. Supply additional current when the charging system can’t keep up with electrical demandģ. Provide electrical power to start the engineĢ. ![]() Battery basics and safety for motorcycle and Powersport Batteriesġ.
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